RESUMEN
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly defined infectious and highly contagious acute disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by an acute respiratory disease however it can also affect multiple other organ systems such as the kidney, gastrointestinal tract, heart, vascular system, and the central nervous system. Kidney involvement is frequent in patients with COVID-19 and this review aims to explore the available data on kidney and COVID-19. In conclusion, COVID-19 infection can affect renal function and may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), due to several mechanisms that need to be fully elucidated. As only supportive management strategies are available for treating AKI in COVID-19, it is necessary to identify and preserve renal function during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s).
RESUMEN
Background: Limited medications are available for post-exposure prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Whether bromhexine can prevent or mitigate symptomatic infection after virus exposure is undetermined. Objective(s): We aimed to evaluate bromhexine's effect on preventing COVID-19 after close contact exposure. Method(s): A multi-center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 372 adults (>= 18 years) who had close contact within four days with a household member with confirmed COVID-19. They were randomly assigned to receive bromhexine 8 mg (n = 187) or placebo (n = 185) three times a day for two weeks. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization or death, confirmed COVID-19 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in symptomatic patients, and adverse drug reactions. Result(s): The incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 was significantly lower in individuals who received bromhexine than in those who received the placebo (16 [8.6%] vs. 34 [18.4%], relative risk = 0.47, P = 0.005). PCR confirmation was reported in 13 (7.0%) and 26 (14.1%) individuals in the bromhexine and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.025), with a relative risk reduction of 50%. The hospitalization rate, death, and medication side effects did not vary significantly between the bromhexine and placebo arms. Conclusion(s): Bromhexine is an effective, non-invasive, affordable agent with a low side-effect profile to prevent symptomatic COVID-19. Early use of bromhexine potentially provides another layer of protection;hence, it can play a role in controlling the pan-demic. Copyright © 2022, Author(s).
RESUMEN
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly defined infectious and highly contagious acute disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by an acute respiratory disease however it can also affect multiple other organ systems such as the kidney, gastrointestinal tract, heart, vascular system, and the central nervous system. Kidney involvement is frequent in patients with COVID-19 and this review aims to explore the available data on kidney and COVID-19. In conclusion, COVID-19 infection can affect renal function and may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), due to several mechanisms that need to be fully elucidated. As only supportive management strategies are available for treating AKI in COVID-19, it is necessary to identify and preserve renal function during SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2021 The Author(s).
RESUMEN
It is possible that bromhexine hydrochloride, by inhibiting TMPRSS2, can prevent the priming of COVID-19 and abort the cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2.
RESUMEN
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, accounting for an estimated 1.8 million deaths. Lung cancer is also the most common primary cancer leading to soft tissue (ST) metastasis. Renal disease may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself (e.g., post-renal obstruction, compression, or infiltration), its treatment (e.g., radiotherapy or chemotherapy), or its related complications (e.g., opportunistic infection). Existing evidence shows that the most frequent primary solid tumor responsible for renal metastasis is pulmonary carcinoma, followed by gastric, breast, soft tissue, and thyroid carcinomas. Chronic kidney disease is a potential risk factor in the survival of patients with lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss causes of kidney injury in relation to lung cancer, potential mechanisms of kidney injury, and treatment options.
RESUMEN
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly expanding infection around the world. The world Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 announced the Coronavirus pandemic. This infection causes many deaths on daily basis. Therapeutic options are currently limited. It is revealed that COVID-19 binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter the host cells. One of the activities of ACE2 is hydrolyzing the active bradykinin metabolite [des-Arg973] BK (DABK). A decreased activity or reducing expression of ACE2 by the virus impairs the inactivation of DABK. This enhances its signaling through the bradykinin B1 receptor (BKB1R) and could lead to fluid extravasation and leukocyte recruitment to the lung. Targeting the bradykinin system by either blocking the bradykinin production or blocking bradykinin receptors may open a new potential therapeutic window for the treatment of COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) particularly before patients enter the irreversible stages. © 2020 The Author(s).